Safety
Background
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals, and includes the risks of people being physically assaulted or falling victim to other types of crime. Crime may lead to loss of life and property, as well as physical pain, post-traumatic stress and anxiety. One of the biggest impacts of crime on people’s well-being appears to be through the feeling of vulnerability that it causes.
Feeling safe walking alone at night
According to recent data, about 69% of people in OECD countries say they feel safe walking alone at night. There are major differences, however, between countries. While 85% or more of people in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Switzerland say they feel safe. The level in Mexico is just below 50%, and just below 40% in Brazil and South Africa. Latvia is closer to the OECD average with 61%%.
Homicide rate
Homicide rates (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) only represent the most extreme form of contact crime and thus do not provide information about more typical safety conditions. They are however a more reliable measure of a country’s safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, the average homicide rate in the OECD is 3.6 murders per 100 000 inhabitants.
In most OECD countries, homicide rates for men are usually higher than those affecting women, with rates of 6.1 per 100 000 for men and 1.3 per 100 000 for women on average for the most recent data. However, while men are more likely to be homicide victims, women are the primary victims of domestic and intimate partner violence. EU data based on police-recorded offences indicate that 86% of the victims of sexual violence are women.. Across the OECD as a whole, 77% of men and 61% of women feel safe when walking alone at night in the area where they live.
Social status also has an impact on victimisation rates and perceptions of security. People with higher income and higher education usually report higher feelings of security and face lower risks of crime. This can be explained by the fact they can afford better security and are less exposed to criminal activities such as youth gangs or drug smuggling.
Note: data for the indicator "Feeling safe walking alone at night" is provided by the Gallup World Poll.
Safety in Detail by Country
lva Safety - Latvia expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Latvia, about 61% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, less than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Latvia's homicide rate is 6.6, higher than the OECD average of 3.6.
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zaf Safety - South Africa expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In South Africa, 36% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, much less than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, South Africa's homicide rate is 10.0, much higher than the OECD average of 3.6.
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aus Safety – Australia expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Australia, about 64% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, less than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Australia's homicide rate is 1.0, lower than the OECD average of 3.6.
In most OECD countries, homicide rates for men are usually higher than those affecting women, with rates of 6.1 per 100 000 for men and 1.3 per 100 000 for women on average. However, while men are more likely to be homicide victims, women are the primary victims of domestic and intimate partner violence, and more often the victims of sexual violence. Across the OECD as a whole, 77% of men and 61% of women feel safe when walking alone at night in the area where they live.
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aut Safety – Austria expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Austria, about 81% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, more than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Austria's homicide rate is 0.4, one of the lowest rates in the OECD, where the average is of 3.6.
Better Policies for Better Lives
Supporting women affected by violence
The Austrian Federal Government committed to addressing complex social policy issues in their 2013-18 work programmes. One priority is to provide support for women affected by domestic violence. Many women who take refuge in shelters, often with their children, lose their jobs or have limited education, making it difficult to secure a job and become independent.
Austria’s first Social Impact Bond pilot in Upper Austria helps women affected by violence gain economic independence by placing them in long-term jobs. It has been found that having steady job and income makes it easier to permanently leave abusive situations. Under this programme, which is due to run from September 2015 to August 2018, participating women are also given a safe environment, intensive counselling services and follow-up services to help them keep their job for at least a year.
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bel Safety – Belgium expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Belgium, about 71% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, close to the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Belgium's homicide rate is 1.0, lower than the OECD average of 3.6.
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bra Safety – Brazil expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Brazil, about 37% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, much less than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Brazil's homicide rate is 27.6, more than seven times the OECD average of 3.6.
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can Safety – Canada expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Canada, about 81% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, more than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Canada's homicide rate is 1.4, lower than the OECD average of 3.6.
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chl Safety – Chile expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Chile, 51% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, less than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Chile's homicide rate is 4.5, higher than the OECD average of 3.6.
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cze Safety – Czech Republic expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In the Czech Republic, 68% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, broadly in line with the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, the Czech Republic's homicide rate is 0.8, much lower than the OECD average of 3.6.
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dnk Safety – Denmark expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Denmark, 83% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, much more than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Denmark's homicide rate is 0.7, one of the lowest rates in the OECD, where the average homicide rate is 3.6.
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est Safety – Estonia expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Estonia, 67% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, close to the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Estonia's homicide rate is 3.1, lower than the OECD average of 3.6.
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fin Safety – Finland expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Finland, about 83% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, more than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Finland's homicide rate is 1.4, lower than the OECD average of 3.6.
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fra Safety – France expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In France, about 70% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, broadly in line with the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, France's homicide rate is 0.6, much lower than the OECD average of 3.6.
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deu Safety – Germany expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Germany, about 76% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, more than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Germany's homicide rate is 0.4, much lower than the OECD average of 3.6.
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grc Safety – Greece expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Greece, about 62% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, less than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Greece's homicide rate is 1.0, lower than the OECD average of 3.6.
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hun Safety – Hungary expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Hungary, 51% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, less than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Hungary's homicide rate is 1.2, lower than the OECD average of 3.6.
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isl Safety – Iceland expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Iceland 87% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, more than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Iceland's homicide rate is 0.9, lower than the OECD average of 3.6.
Better Policies for Better Lives
Leveraging social media to increase public safety
Reykjavik's metropolitan police enhanced their social media capabilities to better inform citizens about safety risks. With new Facebook and Twitter accounts the police are able to engage with the public and disseminate safety information and alerts.
An alert posted on their Facebook account regarding a snow storm showed great accessibility and reach in March 2013. The information was read by 19 000 users in 19 minutes, meaning it reached almost 10% of the city’s population very quickly. Reykjavik's police force had 42 500 Facebook subscribers, 3 843 Twitter subscribers and 5 221 Instagram subscribers by August 2013. Ongoing evaluations have demonstrated that the project has also had the added benefit of improving public perceptions of the police force and generating more trust.
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irl Safety – Ireland expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Ireland, 76% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, more than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Ireland's homicide rate is 0.6, lower than the OECD average of 3.6.
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isr Safety – Israel expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Israel, 70% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, broadly in line with the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Israel's homicide rate is 1.7, lower than the OECD average of 3.6.
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ita Safety – Italy expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Italy, 58% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, less than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Italy's homicide rate is 0.8, lower than the OECD average of 3.6.
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jpn Safety – Japan expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Japan, 71% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, broadly in line with the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Japan's homicide rate is 0.3, the lowest rate in the OECD, where the average homicide rate is 3.6.
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kor Safety – Korea expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Korea, about 64% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, less than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Korea's homicide rate is 1.1, lower than the OECD average of 3.6.
Better Policies for Better Lives
Helping single women
With more citizens opting to live by themselves, and 53% of them being women, it became necessary for the Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG) to introduce a measure aimed at supporting the lives of single women. The Initiative for Single Women includes many services for single women including: safe housing, an education programme, healthcare services, and job opportunities.
The SMG are supplying 2 000 units of rental studio apartments by 2015 that are exclusively for single women and providing 'One-Stop Real Estate Services' to women who have difficulty with their housing contracts. They are providing Unmanned Delivery Systems and installing anti-theft windows, as well as medical services onsite and a women’s clinic. To improve the employment prospects for single women, they are offering internships for single women to create decent job opportunities. Finally, the government is also supporting 100 communities, like the Seoul Med Co-op, for single women by 2015.
So far 2 000 single female households have now been able to move into a safer housing environment. In addition, 100 000 women have been expected to benefit from the violence prevention programme by 2015, and 700 women have already benefited from the healthcare services.
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lux Safety – Luxembourg expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Luxembourg, about 72% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, higher than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Luxembourg's homicide rate is 0.6, lower than the OECD average of 3.6.
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mex Safety – Mexico expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Mexico, almost 46% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, much less the OECD average of 69%, and the lowest rate among OECD countries.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Mexico's homicide rate is 17.9, much higher than the OECD average of 3.6, and the highest in the OECD.
Better Policies for Better Lives
Combatting violence against women
A new policy aimed at preventing and eradicating violence against women, known as the Integrated Programme to Prevent, Address, Sanction, and Eradicate Violence against women, is being rolled out over 2014-18. The programme supports the design of national policies and strategies, co-ordinating cross-government action at all levels of government. One example of this multi-pronged approach is “gender alerts”, which when issued, oblige local authorities to implement concrete measures to protect women’s physical security and rights, and to investigate complaints thoroughly.
Already, 41 municipalities have put a gender alert in effect, covering about 15% of the female population. Publicly-funded justice centres have also been set up in many states offering psychological, legal, and medical care; temporary shelter; consultation with child development experts; and workshops on social and economic empowerment.
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nld Safety – Netherlands expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In the Netherlands, about 81% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, more than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, the Netherland's homicide rate is 0.6, lower than the OECD average of 3.6.
Better Policies for Better Lives
Protecting children
In 2011, the Child and Youth Protection Services in the Amsterdam area, or CYPSA, was redesigned to better assess the risks 10 000 at-risk children face and provide them with timely help. The aim was simple: keep “Every child safe”.
A group of specialists worked together over a period of three months to identify challenges, plan and implement solutions. Following evaluation, new principles of action and engagement were established taking a systems approach to protecting children. Under this new approach, silos were removed so that case workers could deal with the whole family system and communicate directly with families. Teams are organised around each potential case and focus early intervention and care for the entire family.
The redesign of the organisation proved to be extremely successful and exceeded expectations. Both the quality of public service increased and the associated costs reduced. More importantly, the number of cases where children had to be forcibly removed from their families decreased by 50%. Considering these positive and continuous results, the CYPSA was elected the Best Public Sector Organisation in the Netherlands in 2015.
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nzl Safety – New Zealand expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In New Zealand, 65% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, less than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, New Zealand's homicide rate is 1.3, lower than the OECD average of 3.6.
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nor Safety – Norway expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Norway, about 88% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, much more than the OECD average of 69%, and the highest in the OECD.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Norway's homicide rate is 0.6, lower than the OECD average of 3.6.
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pol Safety – Poland expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Poland, 66% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, less than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Poland's homicide rate is 0.8, lower than the OECD average of 3.6.
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prt Safety – Portugal expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Portugal, 72% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, more than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Portugal's homicide rate is 1.0, lower than the OECD average of 3.6.
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rus Safety – Russian Federation expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In the Russian Federation, 52% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, less than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, the Russian Federation's homicide rate is 11.3, much higher than the OECD average of 3.6.
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svk Safety – Slovak Republic expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In the Slovak Republic, 60% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, less than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, the Slovak Republic's homicide rate is 0.8, lower than the OECD average of 3.6.
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svn Safety – Slovenia expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Slovenia, 85% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, much more than the OECD average of 69%, and one of the highest rates among OECD countries.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Slovenia's homicide rate is 0.6, much lower than the OECD average of 3.6.
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esp Safety – Spain expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Spain, about 83% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, more than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Spain's homicide rate is 0.6, lower than the OECD average of 3.6.
Better Policies for Better Lives
Social media for safety
The Spanish National Police turned to social media to conduct awareness campaigns, advertise success stories, and request citizen co-operation to solve cases. Content-rich messages with plain, professional language were often even humorous or provocative to get people's attention. They also kept interest constant by answering every question they received from their followers – reaching more than 1.35 million on Twitter – more than the FBI. The Spanish National Police also reach the public through their YouTube account and have 5.7 million views. Citizens often help to solve cases, ranging from drug trafficking to threats to public figures. This innovative use of social media has helped the national police increase preventative and operational safety.
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swe Safety – Sweden expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Sweden, about 76% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, more than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Sweden's homicide rate is 1.0, much lower than the OECD average of 3.6.
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che Safety – Switzerland expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Switzerland, 84% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, more than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Switzerland's homicide rate is 0.5, much lower than the OECD average of 3.6.
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tur Safety – Turkey expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In Turkey, 61% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, less than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, Turkey's homicide rate is 1.7, lower than the OECD average of 3.6.
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gbr Safety – United Kingdom expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In the United Kingdom, 77% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, more than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, the United Kingdom's homicide rate is 0.2, one of the lowest rates in the OECD, where the average is 3.6.
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usa Safety – United States expand
Key Findings
Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? In the United States, 74% of people say that they feel safe walking alone at night, more than the OECD average of 69%.
The homicide rate (the number of murders per 100 000 inhabitants) is a more reliable measure of a country's safety level because, unlike other crimes, murders are usually always reported to the police. According to the latest OECD data, the United States' homicide rate is 4.9, higher than the OECD average of 3.6.